Solanum mauritianum is a widespread invasive weed belonging to the nightshade family. Solanum species, bugweed, earleaf nightshade, tree tobacco. Solanum mauritianum wild tobacco, tobacco bush is not generally regarded as edible, though it was mentioned as being edible in some volumes of the walk softly with koa bushcraft dvd series, which have since been withdrawn from sale as it is not really edible in large quantities or at all, some people would say. It can form dense stands, crowding out and suppressing all other plants. Solanum torvum is a bushy, erect and spiny perennial plant used horticulturally as a rootstock for eggplant. Solanum laciniatum or kangaroo apple, a common name shared with the closely related s. Solanum mauritianum new zealand plant conservation network. Solanum physalifolium rusby solanum pseudocapsicum l. Woolly nightshade is extremely invasive outcompeting surrounding flora due to its fast growth and large annual seed mass. These two species can be distinguished by the following differences.
The effects of locality, season and year of seed collection on the germination of bugweed solanum mauritianum scop. Antiproliferative effect of solanum nigrum on human. Solanum mauritianum is an exotic shrubtree commonly known in new zealand as woolly nightshade, and is classified as a national surveillance plant pest. Brazilian nightshade solanum seaforthianum is regarded as an environmental weed in new south wales and queensland. Solanum species, bugweed, earleaf nightshade, tree. According to wikipedia, all parts of the solanum mauritianum plant are poisonous to humans, especially the berries. Shrubs or small trees 24 m tall, branched above to form a rounded canopy, unarmed, all parts densely pubescent with sessile to longstalked stellate hairs, loose and floccose on young growth. In australia there are 117 species, of which 87 are endemic. Shrub or small tree to 4 m high, greygreen, stellatetomentose. Impact assessment tree tobacco solanum mauritianum in victoria. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
Mar 19, 2006 view picture of solanum species, bugweed, earleaf nightshade, tree tobacco, wild tobacco bush solanum mauritianum at daves garden. Annual or perennial herbs, shrubs or small trees, sometimes trailing or climbing, hairy with glandular or simple or stellate to bristly nonglandular hairs, rarely glabrous. It has become a widespread invasive weed in azores islands, cook islands, fiji, hawaii, new caledonia, norfolk island, solomon islands, tonga, reunion island, mauritius, madagascar, australia, new zealand, india, sri lanka and several southern african. Flowers in clusters, corolla 5lobed, lavender to bluish. Top of page the genus solanum contains several hundred branched prickly shrubs, many of which have become weeds in various tropical and subtropical countries. Solanum is a large, cosmopolitan genus of perhaps as many as 1 500 species. Campfire journals ludwig leichhardt bushcraftoz the. Leaves are lanceshaped, up to 30 cm long and 10 cm wide, yellowishgreen above, paler beneath and densely. Deliciae florae et faunae insubricae seu novae, aut minus cognitae species plantarum et animalium quas in insubria austriaca tam spontaneas, quam exoticas vidit, descriptit, et aeri incidi curavit joannes antonius scopoli. Solanum mauritianum new zealand plant conservation. Brazilian nightshade weed identification brisbane city.
This page was last edited on 9 december 2014, at 19. All parts of solanum mauritianum plant are poisonous to humans, especially the berries. Assessment of plant invasiveness is done by evaluating biological and ecological characteristics such as germination requirements, growth rate, competitive ability, reproduction methods and dispersal mechanisms. Hairs are starshaped with radiating branches to densely interwined hairs. Guideline to solanum mauritianum bugweed scientific name solanum mauritianum common names bugweed description unarmed, branched shrub or small tree 24 10 m high. Human fatalities have resulted from the consumption of the berries. Phytochemical analysis and invitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of aerial parts of cestrum aurantiacum and solanum mauritianum solanaceae weeds of niligiris.
Campbell pl, staden j van, stevens c, whitwell mi, 1992. Its large oval leaves are greygreen in color and covered with feltlike hairs. Berries when ripe yellow, to 12 mm diameter, seeds numerous. Pdf phytochemical analysis and invitro antioxidant and.
Jun 07, 2012 woolly nightshade identification solanum mauritianum waikato regional council. Wild tobacco tree solanum mauritianum is regarded a san environmental weed in queensland, new south wales, victoria and south australia. Drug info solanum mauritianumwoolly nightshade and. Wild tobacco tree solanum mauritianum is very similar to potato tree solanum erianthum and relatively similar to devils fig solanum torvum.
Weekly transcripts will be posted every 7 days taken from ludwig leichhardts published journal named journal of an overland expedition in australia, from moreton bay to port essington, a distance of upwards of 3000 miles, during the years 18441845. The viability and germination characteristics of exhumed solanum mauritianum seeds buried for different periods of time. It was also recently listed as a priority environmental weed in at least one natural resource management region. Solanum is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance, the potato, the tomato and the eggplant. Click on a scientific name below to expand it in the plants classification report. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Click on each image to see a larger version and details of the record view all images 10 photo. Another possibility is that the root was solare, meaning to soothe, or solamen, meaning a comfort, which would refer to the soothing effects of the plant upon ingestion. Solanum auriculatum aiton solanum tabacifolium vell. The leaves are a dullish green, about 250 mm long and 100 mm wide i, and are pungent when crushed.
Solanum mauritianum linked to current category edit wikidata solanum mauritianum main topic of category. Solanum mauritianum morella delle isole mauritius flora. Derivation uncertain possibly from the latin word sol, meaning sun, referring to its status as a plant of the sun. We have evaluated organic solvent and aqueous extracts obtained from berries of solanum nigrum for antiproliferative activity on leukemic cell lines, jurkat and hl60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Common names include woolly nightshade, earleaf nightshade, flannel weed, bugweed, tobacco weed, and kerosene plant. This is a perennial shrub or small tree which is greygreen with open canopy. Leaves are tapered at both ends, with short, thick stalks and two stipules at the leaf base and smell when crushed. Nutritive and morphological fruit traits were also considered. Wikipedia it is a straggly evergreen shrub or small tree to about 4m high. Top of page the name solanum mauritianum scopoli is universally accepted for this weed which, despite its species name, is not native to mauritius but to northeastern argentina, southern brazil, uruguay and paraguay.
Solanum mauritianum is a small tree or shrub native to south america, including northern argentina, southern brazil, paraguay and uruguay. Woolly nightshade solanum mauritianum introduction woolly nightshade, also known as tobacco weed. It is not an attractive tree the leaves are dull and hairy and the purple flowers relatively small. Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature top of page the name solanum mauritianum scopoli is universally accepted for this weed which, despite its species name, is not native to mauritius but to northeastern argentina, southern brazil, uruguay and paraguay. The trunk is greygreen, woody to 15 cm in diameter. Solanum information types of solanum plants in the garden. Grafted plants are very vigorous and tolerate diseases affecting the root system, thus allowing the crop to continue for a second year. This information is provided by the university of adelaide library. Leaves are lanceshaped, up to 30 cm long and 10 cm wide, yellowishgreen above, paler beneath and densely covered with felty hairs. It has the ability to crowd out native plants if growing densely, but, if occurring sparsely, it may act as a nursery crop. Leaves paler on lower surface, simple, alternate, elliptic, up to 30 cm long and 12 cm wide on young vigorous growth, usually ca 18 cm long and ca 7 cm wide, on mature stems.
Solanaceae woolly nightshade, wild tobacco bush origin. It also contains the nightshades and horse nettles, as well as numerous plants cultivated for their ornamental flowers and fruit. Impact assessment tree tobacco solanum mauritianum in. Solanum is the type genus of the family solanaceae, which contains such wellknown economic plants as the potato, tomato, tobacco, egg plant aubergine and many more.
Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Solanum nigrum is used in various traditional medical systems for antiproliferative, antiinflammatory, antiseizure and hepatoprotective activities. Solanum species show a wide range of growing habits, such as annual and perennials, vines, subshrubs, shrubs. Woolly nightshade identification solanum mauritianum waikato regional council. Plants profile for solanum mauritianum earleaf nightshade. The following entails interesting information about the solanum genus and types of solanum plants information about solanum genus. A shrub or small tree which tends to invade bushland areas. Solanum mauritianum can form dense stands that inhibit the growth of other species through overcrowding and shading. Media in category solanum mauritianum the following 87 files are in this category, out of 87 total. A web site containing information about the flora of zimbabwe.
Woolly nightshade identification solanum mauritianum. The optimum concentration of 2propanol for the extraction of crude glycosides was 70%. Description wild tobacco is a shrub that grows up to 4 m. It has a dense covering of soft, white hairs on the stems, flower stalks and underside of the leaves. A simple extraction and isolation process of solasodine, a natural precursor to synthesize steroidal drugs, from fruits and leaves of solanum laciniatum ait. Solanum mauritianum is a small tree or shrub native to south america uruguay and southeastern brazil and an invasive weed in some other places. Solanum mauritianum in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Its starshaped flowers have purple or violet coloured petals sometimes with a small white stripe and its leaves have entire margins. The plant belongs to the subgenus brevantherum, one of several subgenera of solanum darcy, 1972.
Solanum carterianum rock solanum pulverulentum salisb. View picture of solanum species, bugweed, earleaf nightshade, tree tobacco, wild tobacco bush solanum mauritianum at daves garden. All parts of the plant are toxic to humans, especially the green berries. The solanum family of plants is a large genus under the family umbrella of solanaceae that includes up to 2,000 species, ranging from food crops, such as the potato and the tomato, to various ornamentals and medicinal species. Leaves usually alternate, sometimes paired, simple or pinnate, margins entire or lobed, petiolate. Solanum mauritianum, woolly nightshade, wild tobacco bush. As there are a number of solanum species as commercial crops as well as native solanum any biocontrol agent would have to be shown not to become a pest of these plants. Legislation not declared or considered noxious by any state government authorities. Wild tobacco solanum mauritianum is an invasive plant in queensland and is not a restricted or prohibited plant under queensland legislation.
It invades pastoral land, native forest margins and urban areas. The record derives from tropicos data supplied on 20120418 which reports it as an accepted name record 29600120 with original publication details. Solanum mauritianum name synonyms solanum auriculatum ait. Stem and leaves the stems are green and mostly hairless i. The following entails interesting information about the solanum genus and types of solanum plants.